Menopause: what it is, symptoms, stages, and how to relieve it

Discover what menopause is, at what age it appears, its most common symptoms, and which habits, treatments, and care can help you.

Menopause is the time when menstruation is confirmed to have ended. It is diagnosed when 12 consecutive months have passed without a period, provided there is no other cause that explains it.

Although “menopause” is spoken of as a stage, it is actually advisable to distinguish between perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. Symptoms may begin before the last period and continue afterwards.

This content is informational and does not replace consultation with a healthcare professional.

What is menopause

Menopause occurs when the ovaries permanently stop releasing eggs and production of hormones such as estrogens decreases. It is a natural stage, although it can also appear earlier due to surgery, medical treatments, or certain conditions.

At what age does menopause start

The age varies, but it usually occurs around 45-55 years. If it appears before 45, it is considered early or premature depending on the case, and if it occurs before 40 it requires specific medical evaluation.

Difference between perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause

StageWhat happensPeriod
PerimenopausePrevious transitionIrregular or changing
Menopause12 months without periodAbsent
PostmenopauseSubsequent stageThere should be no bleeding

Symptoms of menopause

Hot flashes and night sweats

These are sudden sensations of heat that can affect sleep and daily well-being.

Changes in the period

Before menopause, the period may change. After 12 months without menstruation, any bleeding should be consulted.

Vaginal dryness

It can cause pain, itching, burning, or sexual discomfort. There are options such as lubricants, moisturizers, and medical treatments.

Insomnia and fatigue

Sleep can be disturbed by night sweats, stress, or hormonal changes.

Mood changes

Anxiety, irritability, or sadness may appear. If they affect your daily life, seek help.

Weight gain

Age, muscle mass, sleep, diet, physical activity, and stress influence it. Not everything should be attributed solely to hormones.

Muscle or joint pain

These can appear, although other causes should be evaluated if they are intense or persistent.

Hair loss and dry skin

Hormonal changes can influence, but iron, thyroid, stress, and other factors should also be considered.

Causes of menopause

The natural cause is the progressive decline of ovarian function. It can also occur due to removal of ovaries, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other treatments.

How it is diagnosed

In women of usual age, it is usually diagnosed by absence of period for 12 months and symptoms. In younger women or if there are doubts, tests may be required.

Treatments and ways to relieve symptoms

Habits like exercise, muscle strength, balanced diet, regular sleep, reduction of alcohol and tobacco, and stress management can help. For moderate or intense symptoms, the doctor may consider hormone therapy or non-hormonal options.

What to take for menopause

It depends on the goal. Calcium and vitamin D contribute to the maintenance of bones under normal conditions. Magnesium may contribute to normal nervous system function, muscle function, and reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Omega 3 EPA and DHA contribute to normal heart function when consumed in sufficient amounts.

Ingredients such as isoflavones or red clover require caution: evidence varies and safety depends on dose, format, background, and medication.

When to consult a doctor

Consult in case of intense symptoms, menopause before 45 years, bleeding after 12 months without a period, pelvic pain, painful vaginal dryness, persistent sadness, or doubts about treatments.

Frequently Asked Questions

When is menopause confirmed?

When 12 consecutive months have passed without menstruation.

Does menopause always cause symptoms?

No. Some women have few symptoms and others need treatment.

Is it normal to bleed after menopause?

It should not be considered normal. It should be consulted.

Does menopause cause weight gain?

It may influence indirectly, but age, sleep, muscle mass, stress, and habits also matter.

What helps with hot flashes?

Identify triggers, take care of sleep, and consult if they are intense. Medical treatments are available.

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Tatiana Novichkova

Tatiana Novichkova

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